The data should be collected through program monitoring reports of implementing partners on a routine basis. These records are compiled and aggregated to obtain an overall measure of the reach of the care and support for orphans and vulnerable children. Implementers at the community level need to devise reliable tracking mechanisms that capture accurate data to avoid double counting. There is a need to ensure that clients served (as opposed to client visits) for the same service or across services are counted. Since the routine monitoring is self-reported by implementing entities, compliance with national guidelines will only be measured periodically through supervision, assessments and the survey methods proposed. Population-based surveys as described below (Demographic and Health Survey, AIDS Indicator Survey, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey or other representative surveys) are complementary validation methods for this indicator and need to be implemented every 2-5 years for a measurement of coverage. The OVC national program or such entity therefore needs to plan accordingly and allocate resources for this exercise. Clear information flow mechanisms and tools (devised by national-level partners or bodies) are needed that capture this kind of community data into national-level databases. Different types of services will all be taken into account in estimating overall service coverage. For the survey method, after all orphaned and vulnerable children aged 0–17 years in the household have been identified; the household heads are asked the following four questions about the types and frequency of support received and the primary source of the help for each orphan and vulnerable child. Each question is to be asked for each child. 1. Has this household received medical support, including medical care and/or medical care supplies, within the last three months? 2. Has this household received school-related assistance, including school fees, within the last three months? (This question is to be asked only for children aged 5–17 years.) 3. Has this household received emotional or psychological support, including counseling from a trained counselor and/or emotional or spiritual support or companionship within the last three months? 4. Has this household received other social support, including socioeconomic support (such as clothing, extra food, financial support or shelter) and/or instrumental support (such as help with household work, training for caregivers, child care or legal services) within the last three months?